Have
you ever gone to a movie that had huge ads with rave reviews,
only to find that it was a waste of time and money? But
by then it was too late - you'd already spent your money
on a ticket and popcorn.
Advertising
hype can make almost anything look attractive. That's what
tobacco companies and their advertisers have done with smoking.
They've taken a habit that's a turnoff - smelly, expensive,
and unhealthy - and tried to convince you that it's glamorous
and exciting.
Tobacco
companies use advertising to manipulate both teens and adults.
They present images that are hard to shake even when you
know the truth. Have you ever seen a cigarette ad where
people are wrinkled, middle-aged, and coughing or in the
hospital dying of lung cancer? Of course not! In most ads,
smokers are shown the way that teens would like to be: attractive
and hip, sophisticated and elegant, or rebellious and cool.
Until relatively
recently, some tobacco companies used cartoon characters
like Joe Camel to market cigarettes to teens. R. J. Reynolds
stopped using Joe Camel in 1997 in response to pressure
from the FDA. Studies showed that Joe Camel was as recognizable
to 5-year-old kids as Mickey Mouse!
Maybe you've
heard of product placement. That's when a company pays the
makers of a movie to place their product, like a car or
a computer, in the movie. They show young and attractive
characters using their product hoping that others will want
to use it, too. Product placement is a kind of sneaky advertising
that brings in millions of dollars to moviemakers. Lots
of people believe that tobacco companies are engaging in
product placement. They deny it - and it's hard to prove
one way or another.
What they
don't tell you in cigarette ads is that they want you to
become addicted. Tobacco companies keep close tabs on the
number of teens who are smoking. They worry when those numbers
decline because they need new smokers to replace the ones
that die each day from smoking-related illnesses.
Everyone
Else Is Doing It : Many
teens start smoking because they have friends or older siblings
who smoke. Some teens look at smoking as a way to get through
parties, dates, or other difficult social situations. Smoking
gives them something to do with their hands and makes them
feel older or more sophisticated. Some teens smoke because
they feel they look too young and that smoking may make
them appear more like an adult.
Some teens
- especially girls - think smoking is a way to keep their
weight under control. A person might think that if she has
cigarettes in her hands, she's a lot less likely to eat.
Others believe that a cigarette helps them relax when they're
stressed out because of schoolwork, dating problems, or
family pressures.
Teens often
start smoking because one or both parents smoke or because
another close relative is a smoker. They get the message
that smoking is an acceptable habit. Others smoke because
it isn't acceptable in their families. These teens may think
that smoking shows that they are old enough to make their
own decisions.
It's
Not Easy to Kick Butt : No
matter what age people start smoking - and nearly 90% of
adult smokers start while they are still teens - they never
intend to get hooked. They may start by bumming a cigarette
or two from a friend at a party, and then go on to buying
an occasional pack. Soon they realize that they can't go
without that pack. They've gotten used to reaching for a
cigarette first thing in the morning, after meals, or during
any stressful time. They are addicted, both physically and
psychologically.
It's not
easy to stop smoking even if you want to. According to many
experts, the nicotine in tobacco is more addictive than
cocaine, heroin, or opium. One survey of high school students
who were daily smokers showed that only 5% of them intended
to be smoking in 5 years. But after 5 years 75% of them
were still smoking. Smokers are also more likely to abuse
other substances, such as alcohol and marijuana.
Think you
can reduce these risks by smoking cigars? Cigars have four
times as much nicotine as cigarettes. Although cigar smokers
may think they're not inhaling, the smoke does get into
their lungs. The addictive nicotine gets absorbed through
the surfaces in their mouth. Smokeless tobacco, which is
equally addictive and can cause mouth and throat cancer,
is also not a good solution. This Is Attractive? Even if
becoming addicted doesn't bother you, the side effects of
smoking may. For instance, smokers stink. Literally. The
smell of tobacco lingers for a long time on your hair, your
clothes, and your breath. Sniff a dirty ashtray to see what
a smoker smells like to non-smokers.
Smoking
is expensive. Think of all the CDs, movies, and clothes
you could buy with 1,300 pounds each year. That's about
100 CDs if you are spending 13.00 pounds a CD! That's what's
going up in smoke if you're buying just one pack of cigarettes
a day at 4.25 a pack. (And they're much more expensive than
that in many places.)
Smokers
don't look good - not at all like the attractive people
you see in ads. Their teeth become yellow, and it's hard
to get the stains removed. Smokers also get many more wrinkles
than non-smokers. In fact, each cigarette contains thousands
of chemicals that are harmful to the body.
Some of
the really appealing ones include: